Tumor miofibroblástico de maxilar superior. Estadificación inicial y evaluación de la respuesta al tratamiento con PET/TC con 18F-FDG / Upper maxilla myofibroblastic tumour. Initial staging and treatment response evaluation with 18F-FDG PET/CT

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PET/TC con 18F-FDG en la recaída extramedular de una leucemia aguda de linaje ambiguo / 18F-FDG PET/CT for extramedullary relapse of acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage

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PET/TC con 18F-FDG «superscan» en paciente con linfoma inmunoblástico / 18F-FDG PET/CT «superscan» in a patient with immunoblastic lymphoma

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Utilidad de la 18F-FDG PET/TC en el linfoma cerebral primario / Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in primary brain lymphoma

Objetivo: Estudiar la utilidad de la 18F-FDG PET/TC en la evaluación inicial y valoración de la respuesta al tratamiento en el linfoma cerebral primario. Material y métodos: Se analizaron retrospectivamente 18 pacientes diagnosticados de linfoma cerebral primario, subtipo histológico linfoma difuso de células grandes B, habiéndose realizado en todos ellos un estudio con 18F-FDG PET/TC y RM inicial y, en 7 casos, también tras la realización de tratamiento con el fin de valorar la respuesta. Resultados: La 18F-FDG PET/TC inicial detectó un total de 26 depósitos hipermetabólicos frente a un total de 46 lesiones de la RM. La media del SUV máximo de las lesiones fue de 17,56 y del T/N, de 3,55. La concordancia de ambas pruebas para identificar el mismo número de lesiones fue moderada, obteniendo un índice kappa de 0,395 (p<0,001). En la valoración de la respuesta al tratamiento la RM identificó 16 lesiones frente a los 7 acúmulos patológicos de la 18F-FDG PET/TC. La concordancia de ambas pruebas para valorar el tipo de respuesta al tratamiento fue moderada (índice kappa 0,41) (p=0,04). Tanto en la evaluación inicial como en la valoración de la respuesta al tratamiento la PET/TC facilitó un cambio de estrategia en un 22% de los pacientes que presentaron lesiones fuera del parénquima cerebral. Conclusiones: La RM parece ser la técnica de elección en la valoración de la enfermedad cerebral en pacientes con linfoma cerebral primario, mientras que la PET/TC ha demostrado tener un papel importante en la valoración de la enfermedad extracerebral (AU)

Objective: To study the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the initial evaluation and in the response assessment in primary brain lymphoma. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 18 patients diagnosed with primary brain lymphoma, a histological subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, on whom an initial 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI was performed, with 7 of the cases being analysed after the completion of treatment in order to assess response and clinical follow up. Results: Initial 18F-FDG PET/CT showed 26 hypermetabolic foci, whereas 46 lesions were detected by MRI. The average SUV maximum of the lesions was 17.56 with T/N 3.55. The concordance of both tests for identifying the same number of lesions was moderate, obtaining a kappa index of 0.395 (P<.001). In the evaluation of treatment, MRI identified 16 lesions compared to 7 pathological accumulations observed by 18F-FDG PET/CT. The concordance of both tests to assess type of response to treatment was moderate (kappa index 0.41) (P=.04). In both the initial evaluation and the assessment of the response to treatment, PET/CT led to a change strategy in 22% of patients who had lesions outside the cerebral parenchyma. Conclusions: MRI appears to be the method of choice for detecting brain disease in patients with primary brain lymphoma, whereas 18F-FDG PET/CT seems to play a relevant role in the assessment of extra-cerebral disease (AU)

Utilidad de la 18F-FDG PET/TC en un caso de sospecha de infección de injerto vascular / Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in a case of suspected vascular graft infection

La infección del injerto vascular protésico (VPGI) se asocia a una gran morbimortalidad. Es esencial un diagnóstico precoz y preciso para llevar a cabo el tratamiento más adecuado. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 74 años intervenido de by-pass aorto-bifemoral con sospecha clínica de infección de la prótesis vascular y pruebas complementarias no concluyentes, en el que se realiza un estudio PET/TC con 18F-FDG que muestra una captación patológica a nivel periprotésico sugestiva de infección, así como lesión incidental pulmonar sugestiva de neoplasia primaria. Una 18F-FDG PET/TC de control tras tratamiento antibiótico prolongado demostró una mejoría significativa en la captación en el injerto vascular. La 18F-FDG es un trazador prometedor para detectar VPGI, ya que los leucocitos activados tienen una gran demanda de la 18F-FDG y se acumulan en el lugar de la infección, y podría ayudar a definir la respuesta al tratamiento antibiótico (AU)

Vascular prosthetic graft infection (VPGI) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. An early and accurate diagnosis is essential in order to give the most appropriate treatment. The case is presented of a 74 year old male subjected to an aortobifemoral bypass graft, with clinical suspicion of VPGI with inconclusive tests. Later on an 18F-FDG PET/CT study showed a pathological uptake, suggestive of periprosthetic infection, as well as an incidental pulmonary lesion, suggestive of a primary neoplasm. A new 18F-FDG PET/CT showed a significant improvement in the uptake by the vascular graft after prolonged antibiotic treatment. 18F-FDG is a promising tracer for detecting VPGI as the accumulated activated white cells at the infection site have a high demand for 18F-FDG, and could help define the response to antibiotic treatment (AU)

Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in primary brain lymphoma. / Utilidad de la 18F-FDG PET/TC en el linfoma cerebral primario.

OBJECTIVE: To study the usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the initial evaluation and in the response assessment in primary brain lymphoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 18 patients diagnosed with primary brain lymphoma, a histological subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, on whom an initial 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI was performed, with 7 of the cases being analysed after the completion of treatment in order to assess response and clinical follow up. RESULTS: Initial 18F-FDG PET/CT showed 26 hypermetabolic foci, whereas 46 lesions were detected by MRI. The average SUV maximum of the lesions was 17.56 with T/N 3.55. The concordance of both tests for identifying the same number of lesions was moderate, obtaining a kappa index of 0.395 (P<.001). In the evaluation of treatment, MRI identified 16 lesions compared to 7 pathological accumulations observed by 18F-FDG PET/CT. The concordance of both tests to assess type of response to treatment was moderate (kappa index 0.41) (P=.04). In both the initial evaluation and the assessment of the response to treatment, PET/CT led to a change strategy in 22% of patients who had lesions outside the cerebral parenchyma. CONCLUSIONS: MRI appears to be the method of choice for detecting brain disease in patients with primary brain lymphoma, whereas 18F-FDG PET/CT seems to play a relevant role in the assessment of extra-cerebral disease.

Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in a case of suspected vascular graft infection. / Utilidad de la 18F-FDG PET/TC en un caso de sospecha de infección de injerto vascular.

Vascular prosthetic graft infection (VPGI) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. An early and accurate diagnosis is essential in order to give the most appropriate treatment. The case is presented of a 74 year old male subjected to an aortobifemoral bypass graft, with clinical suspicion of VPGI with inconclusive tests. Later on an 18F-FDG PET/CT study showed a pathological uptake, suggestive of periprosthetic infection, as well as an incidental pulmonary lesion, suggestive of a primary neoplasm. A new 18F-FDG PET/CT showed a significant improvement in the uptake by the vascular graft after prolonged antibiotic treatment. 18F-FDG is a promising tracer for detecting VPGI as the accumulated activated white cells at the infection site have a high demand for 18F-FDG, and could help define the response to antibiotic treatment.

Utilidad de la tomografía de emisión de fotón único-tomografía computarizada en la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela en pacientes con melanoma / Utility of single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography in selective sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with melanoma

Objetivo: Evaluar la aportación de la linfogammagrafía con SPECT-TAC en la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela (BSGC) en pacientes con melanoma. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo (julio de 2009 a octubre de 2010) incluyendo 63 pacientes diagnosticados de melanoma (32 hombres y 31 mujeres), con edad media de 55 años y criterios de inclusión de BSGC. La localización de los melanomas fue: 28 en el tronco, 5 en la cabeza y el cuello, 16 en los miembros superiores y 17 en los miembros inferiores. Tres pacientes presentaban 2 melanomas. Se realizó linfogammagrafía preoperatoria tras la inyección pericicatricial/perilesional de 74 MBq de nanocoloide de albúmina humana marcada con99mTc, obteniéndose imágenes planares precoces, estudio tardío de cuerpo completo, imágenes sectoriales y SPECT-TAC de la zona de interés. Se compararon los hallazgos de la gammagrafía planar y la SPECT-TAC. Resultados: El ganglio centinela (GC) fue localizado mediante las imágenes planares en 62/63 (98%) pacientes. La SPECT-TAC localizó el GC en los 63 pacientes (100%). El número de GC detectados con SPECT-TAC fue superior al estudio planar en 27 pacientes. El estudio SPECT-TAC aportó información adicional (cambio de localización y/o precisión de la misma en GC de ubicación incierta) en 14/63 (22,2%) pacientes, implicando cambios en el abordaje quirúrgico y en la estadificación ganglionar. Conclusión: La SPECT-TAC detecta mayor número de GC que la gammagrafía planar, siendo más relevante su aportación en los melanomas de tronco y cabeza y en los de cuello. En un 22% modificó la localización del GC respecto a los hallazgos de la gammagrafía planar, facilitando un correcto abordaje quirúrgico (AU)

Objective: To assess the contribution of SPECT-CT lymphoscintigraphy in selective sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with newly diagnosed malignant melanoma. Material and methods: A prospective study was made between July 2009 and October 2010. It included 63 patients diagnosed with melanoma (32 men and 31 women) with mean age of 55 years (range: 25–88) and inclusion criteria for SLNB. The melanomas were located as follows: 28 in trunk, 5 in head and neck, 16 in upper limbs and 17 in lower limbs. Three patients had two melanomas. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was performed after pericicatricial/perilesional injection of 74 MBq of 99mTc-labeled nanocolloid human serum albumin, obtaining early planar images, late whole body study and sectorial images and SPEC-CT in the area of interest. Planar scintigraphy findings were compared with SPECT-CT. Results: The sentinel node (SN) was localized by planar imaging in 62/63 (98%) patients. SPECT-CT study located the SN in all the patients with a detection rate of 100%. The number of SNs detected with SPECT-CT was higher than that with the planar study in 27 patients. The SPECT-CT provided additional information (change in location and/or in its accuracy in the localization of location uncertain SN) in 14/63 (22.2%) patients, involving changes in the surgical approach and lymph node staging. Conclusion: SPECT-CT detects a higher number of SN than planar lymphoscintigraphy in patients with melanoma. Its contribution is more relevant in the melanomas located on the trunk, head and neck. SPECT-CT modified the SN location by 22% compared to planar scan findings, facilitating a correct surgical approach (AU)

[Utility of single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography in selective sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with melanoma]. / Utilidad de la tomografía de emisión de fotón único-tomografía computarizada en la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela en pacientes con melanoma.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the contribution of SPECT-CT lymphoscintigraphy in selective sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with newly diagnosed malignant melanoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was made between July 2009 and October 2010. It included 63 patients diagnosed with melanoma (32 men and 31 women) with mean age of 55 years (range: 25-88) and inclusion criteria for SLNB. The melanomas were located as follows: 28 in trunk, 5 in head and neck, 16 in upper limbs and 17 in lower limbs. Three patients had two melanomas. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was performed after pericicatricial/perilesional injection of 74MBq of (99m)Tc-labeled nanocolloid human serum albumin, obtaining early planar images, late whole body study and sectorial images and SPECT-CT in the area of interest. Planar scintigraphy findings were compared with SPECT-CT. RESULTS: The sentinel node (SN) was localized by planar imaging in 62/63 (98%) of patients. SPECT-CT study located the SN in all the patients with a detection rate of 100%. The number of SNs detected with SPECT-CT was higher than with the planar study in 27 patients. The SPECT-CT provided additional information (change in location and/or in its accuracy in the localization of location uncertain SN) in 14/63 (22.2%) patients, involving changes in the surgical approach and lymph node staging. CONCLUSION: SPECT-CT detects a higher number of SN than planar lymphoscintigraphy in patients with melanoma. Its contribution is more relevant in the melanomas located on the trunk, head and neck. SPECT-CT modified the SN location by 22% compared to planar scan findings, facilitating a correct surgical approach.

Uso de la PET-18F-FDG en pacientes con sospecha de recurrencia de cáncer diferenciado de tiroides por anticuerpos anti-tiroglobulina elevados y rastreo 131I negativo / Use of 18FFDG-PET in patients with suspicion of recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer by elevated antithyroglobulin antibodies levels and negative 131I scan

Objetivo. Valorar la utilidad de los estudios PET-18F-FDG en el seguimiento de los pacientes diagnosticados de carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides que presentan riesgo de enfermedad y niveles de tiroglobulina (Tg) no interpretables por la presencia de anticuerpos antitiroglobulina (AbTg). Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de 7 mujeres con edad media de 40 años y diagnóstico histológico de cáncer diferenciado de tiroides (7 carcinomas papilares) que fueron remitidos a nuestro servicio para la realización de estudio PET-18F-FDG por sospecha de enfermedad, debido a rastreo 131I negativo y niveles de AbTg elevados, entre los años 2002 y 2007. Se les realizaron 11 exploraciones PET tras la inyección de 370-434 MBq de 18F-FDG en condiciones de normoglucemia y previa administración de relajante muscular, hidratación y furosemida. Los resultados de la PET se confirmaron por histología y/o por evolución clínico radiológica, con un período de seguimiento mínimo de 24 meses. Resultados. La prevalencia de la recurrencia de la enfermedad en la población estudiada fue del 57,14%. Todas las pacientes presentaban niveles de Tg inferiores a 3 ng/dl y AbTg superiores a 200 UI/ml. Tres pacientes presentaban antecedentes de tiroiditis. De los 11 estudios realizados la PET fue negativa en tres y positiva en 8. Se descartó la existencia de enfermedad en 3 pacientes mientras que en 4 pacientes la PET permitió localizar con éxito la existencia de recidiva. Conclusión. La PET-18F-FDG es una técnica útil para localizar enfermedad, así como para descartar la existencia de recurrencia con una elevada seguridad diagnóstica, en pacientes con antecedentes de carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides con rastreo 131I negativo, pero con elevación patológica de anticuerpos AbTg(AU)

Aim. To evaluate the utility of 18FFDG-PET for patients diagnosed of differentiated thyroid carcinoma who present risk of disease and invaluable levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) by the presence of antibodies antithyroglobulin (AbTg). Material and methods. Retrospective study of 7 women of 40 years old and histological diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (7 papillary tumours) that were sent to our department for the accomplishment of18FFDG-PET study because of suspicion of disease, due to 131I negative and high levels of AbTg, between the year 2002 and 2007. 11 PET scans were obtained after the intravenous injection of 370-434 MBq of 18FFDG in normoglycemia conditions and previous administration of muscle relaxant, hydration and diuretic. The results of 18FFDG-PET scans were confirmed by pathologic examination or clinical outcome and radiographic examination for more than 24 months. Results. The prevalence of recurrence in our population was 57.14%. All patients presented levels of Tg lower than 3 ng/dl and AbTg superior to 200 UI/ml. Three patients had precedent thyroiditis. Out of 11 scans performed 3 of them were negative and 8 cases were found positive. It ruled out the existence of disease in three patients and localized the presence of recurrence in 4 patients. Conclusion. 18FFDG-PET Conclusion. CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG-PET is a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of recurrence as well as to rule out the existence of disease with a high accuracy, in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma with 131I whole body scan negative but with pathological elevation of antithyroglobulin antibodies(AU)

[Use of 18F FDG-PET in patients with suspicion of recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer by elevated antithyroglobulin antibodies levels and negative ¹³¹I scan]. / Uso de la PET-18F-FDG en pacientes con sospecha de recurrencia de cáncer diferenciado de tiroides por anticuerpos anti-tiroglobulina elevados y rastreo ¹³¹I negativo.

AIM: To evaluate the utility of (18F)FDG-PET for patients diagnosed of differentiated thyroid carcinoma who present risk of disease and invaluable levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) by the presence of antibodies antithyroglobulin (AbTg). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 7 women of 40 years old and histological diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (7 papillary tumours) that were sent to our department for the accomplishment of(18F)FDG-PET study because of suspicion of disease, due to ¹³¹I negative and high levels of AbTg, between the year 2002 and 2007. 11 PET scans were obtained after the intravenous injection of 370-434 MBq of (18F)FDG in normoglycemia conditions and previous administration of muscle relaxant, hydration and diuretic. The results of (18F)FDG-PET scans were confirmed by pathologic examination or clinical outcome and radiographic examination for more than 24 months. RESULTS: The prevalence of recurrence in our population was 57.14%. All patients presented levels of Tg lower than 3 ng/dl and AbTg superior to 200 UI/ml. Three patients had precedent thyroiditis. Out of 11 scans performed 3 of them were negative and 8 cases were found positive. It ruled out the existence of disease in three patients and localized the presence of recurrence in 4 patients. CONCLUSION: (18F)FDG-PET CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG-PET is a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of recurrence as well as to rule out the existence of disease with a high accuracy, in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma with ¹³¹I whole body scan negative but with pathological elevation of antithyroglobulin antibodies.

Tomografía por emisión de positrones con 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucosa en un caso de plasmocitoma solitario de paladar blando / 18F-FDG PET-CT in a case of solitary plasmacytoma of the soft palate

El plasmocitoma solitario es un tumor poco frecuente de células plasmáticas que ocasionalmente puede aparecer en la región de la cabeza y el cuello. Por su presentación inicial debe diferenciarse del mieloma múltiple. Describimos un caso de plasmocitoma solitario de paladar y analizamos el papel de la tomografía por emisión de positrones con 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucosa en su estadificación inicial(AU)

Solitary plasmacytoma is an uncommon tumor of plasma cells that can appear in the head and neck. It must be differentiated from multiple myeloma because of its initial presentation. A case of solitary plasmacytoma on the palate is presented. Furthermore, role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FDG-PET) in its initial staging is analyzed(AU)

[18F-FDG PET-CT in a case of solitary plasmacytoma of the soft palate]. / Tomografía por emisión de positrones con ¹8F-fluorodeoxy-glucosa en un caso de plasmocitoma solitario de paladar blando.

Solitary plasmacytoma is an uncommon tumor of plasma cells that can appear in the head and neck. It must be differentiated from multiple myeloma because of its initial presentation. A case of solitary plasmacytoma on the palate is presented. Furthermore, role of ¹8F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (¹8F-FDG-PET) in its initial staging is analyzed.